Mumps or Infectious Parotitis is a systemic viral disease caused by Paramyxovirus virus which affect the salivary glands (parotid gland). With children, the symptoms are not generally severe. Glandular complication occurs to 25% of infectious parotitis clients. This may result to oophoritis in females and orchitis in males, which may lead to sterility or infertility. Occurence is preventable by vaccination.
Prior to the invention of vaccination, mumps used to cause epidemics every three years. Upon the introduction of the MMR vacine, a rapid fall in the incidence was noted and by mid-1990s there were less than 2,000 cases notified per year.
Mode of Transmission of Mumps
Man is the only reservoir. Mumps is transmitted through direct contact by droplet transmission.
Incubation Period of Mumps
Incubation period averages from 2-3 weeks with an average of 18 days. Majority of cases are infectious for at least a week before swelling until 9 days after swelling.
Signs and Symptoms of Mumps
- Earache
- Fever
- Pain upon mastication (chewing)
- Tenderness and swelling of parotid glands
Diagnostic Exam for Mumps
Diagnosis is formulated by clinical observation. Saliva, CSF or urine may be collected for viral culture.
Medical Management for Mumps
Treatment is asymptomatic.
Nursing Care for Clients with Mumps
- Provide bed rest until swelling subsides
- Provide male client with fitted supporter to prevent pulling of gravity on testes and blood vessels. Pulling of the testes will lead to atrophy then will lead to sterility.
- Provide adequate nutrition. Soft bland diet, may give apple juice only.
- Apply ice cap over the parotid gland to deaden the nerve endings.
- Instruct client that he is communicable until the swelling subsides.
Prevention of Mumps
Proper disposal of nasopharyngeal secretions should be observed and the client should cover his nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing.
Administration of MMR vaccine is recommended.
