Liver Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis or Liver Cirrhosis is the occurrence of scar tissue, nodulations and fibrosis of the liver. It is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible disorder of the liver. Cirrhosis is commonly caused by chronic infection with Hepatitis B and C, obstructed bile flow, and alcohol (toxins or hepatotoxic drug).

With underlying causes, an increase in triglyceride or fatty acid production occurs. This can lead to fatty liver and the development of fibrosis and nodulation of the liver. With the formation of fibrosis and nodulations, cirrhosis occurs.

Anemia

Anemia is the decrease in the normal number of red blood cells, a decrease in hematocrit or a decrease in the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. It can also include the decrease in oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule because of the deformity or lack in the development as in other hemoglobin deficiency.

Cerebrovascular Accidents

Cerebrovascular Accidents otherwise known as Stroke is a rapidly developing loss of brain functions because of the disturbance of the blood supply to the brain. It commonly affects the basilar carotid, external carotid, internal carotid, common carotid, and vertebral arteries.

Cerebrovascular accident is considered a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage and even death. Risk factors can include: age, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, and atrial fibrillation.

Read more about Cerebrovascular Accidents

Renal Failure

Renal Failure is the condition in which the kidneys are unable to remove metabolic waste from the blood. Acute renal failure has an abrupt onset and is reversible. Chronic renal failure, on the other hand, is gradual, progressive and irreversible.

The causes for acute renal failure can be classified into three. Pre-Renal, Intra-Renal, and Post-Renal. Pre-Renal causes are cardiogenic shock, hemorrhage, excessive gastrointestinal fluid loss, dehydration, sepsis, anaphylaxis, and burns. Intra-Renal causes are acute glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, metabolic imbalances, pyelonephritis, infections, toxin (aminoglycosides), NSAIDs, contrast medium, and dye. Post-Renal causes are calculi, stricture, cancer, and prostatic enlargement.

Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection. The infection reaches the pyelum (pelvis) of the kidneys. If the infection becomes severe, the term urosepsis can be used interchangeably. Pyelonephritis require antibiotic as therapy and the treatment of underlying causes to prevent it from occurring again.

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is classified as a medical emergency and often requires excision of the inflamed appendix. If left untreated, appendicitis can lead to peritonitis and shock.